aly-mir396a-5p: Aly-mir396a-5p is a microRNA (miRNA) found in ginger exosome-like nanoparticles (GELNs) and is present in the tissues of edible plants [PMC10047465]. This miRNA, when encapsulated in ginger-derived lipid vesicles (GDLVs), has been shown to suppress the cytopathic effect of SARS-CoV-2 by inhibiting the expression of the viral Nsp12 gene [PMC9338735]. Aly-mir396a-5p has been developed to target lung inflammation, as it effectively inhibits NF-κB-mediated inflammation and apoptosis in lung tissues [PMC9941074], [PMC9028404]. The transfection efficiency of aly-mir396a-5p is higher when delivered by GDLVs compared to other transfection agents, except RNAiMAX, in A549 cells [PMC9319657]. The miRNA's therapeutic potential is highlighted by its ability to target viral genes without affecting host genes, thus not disturbing the host's immune response [PMC8619171], [PMC9249409]. Aly-mir396a-5p's role in inhibiting viral replication and inflammation has been confirmed through various studies, demonstrating its ability to reduce expression levels of SARS-CoV-2 proteins and inflammatory cytokines when delivered effectively to lung tissue via GDLVs [PMC8590742], [PMC10053153], [PMC8110335].