bta-mir-196b: Bta-mir-196b is a microRNA that has been found to be under-expressed in cattle, specifically in Wagyu cattle compared to Holstein cattle. This suggests that bta-mir-196b may play a role in regulating fat deposition in beef through the stimulation of adipocyte differentiation via the PPAR pathway, similar to miR-519d [PMC5341059]. Bta-mir-196b, along with bta-miR-874, directly regulates the expression of PPARα and RXRα, two important transcription factors in the PPAR signaling pathway [PMC5341059]. These microRNAs may also regulate lipid metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism, adipocyte differentiation, and glucose metabolism by inhibiting the expression of various genes involved in the PPAR pathway [PMC5341059]. Additionally, bta-mir-196b has been implicated in endothelial cell proliferation and bta-miR-146b has been associated with bacteria recognition and regulation of inflammatory response during Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis infection [PMC6162677]. Overall, bta-mir-196b appears to be involved in various biological processes related to fat deposition and metabolic regulation.